Contribution to a history of wheat in Europe

Work realized by Mathilde Girard (mathildegirard00@gmail.com).
Attached laboratory: Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249 CNRS-UFC), Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon
Associated project: regional project$ AGRAL and ANR project ArkaeoAG

Contribution to a history of wheat in Europe: cartographic analysis of carpological bibliographic sources, dissertation topic under the direction of Caroline Schaal (research and operation manager, INRAP) and Estelle Gauthier (lecturer, Université de Franche-Comté).

This study carried out over two years as part of my Master's degree allowed the creation of a spreadsheet bringing together dated mentions of wheat found in archaeological contexts in Europe, the Middle East, but also in Asia and North Africa. This research project had several objectives: to group together the dated mentions of wheat found in the international literature, to find a suitable method for studying the data and to produce maps which highlight the corridors of distribution of wheat in Europe. The maps show that the data is not evenly distributed between countries and species (France being over-represented). Furthermore, the information acquired shows that dressed wheat has older records than naked wheat. The Cardial and Rubané Neolithic movements have been identified. Further east, data is lacking and does not allow us to understand the spread of wheat to these regions.

Data table

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EspècesPréservationRemarquesCountryAireSiteLat (WGS84)Lon (WGS84)Période 1 Période 2Période 3CultureDatation Date infDate supRéférence bibliographiqueBase de données
Triticum dicoccum Schübl.Triticum dicoccon SchrankDanemark Ørum56.4811477646108249.6238941346518171.Néolithique1.3.Néolithique final-3200-2200ROBINSON D.E., KARG S., 2002, « Arkæobotaniske analyser, Nationalmuseet 2001 », in Arkæologiske udgravninger i Danmark 2001. Archaeological excavations in Denmark 2001, København, Kulturarvsstyrelsen, p. 323-332.ArchbotLit
Hordeum vulgare L.Allemagne„Hünenburg“ Watenstedt52.0878177090148610.836866328585572.Protohistoire2.3.Bronze moyen -1600-1350Wiethold, J., 2003. Emmer, Hirse und Seebinse: Verkohlte Pflanzenreste von der Hünenburg, in: Biegel, G. (Ed.), Die Hünenburg bei Watenstedt. Ausgrabungsergebnisse 1998-2001, Informationen und Berichte aus dem Braunschweigischen Landesmuseum 3-4, 32-34.ArchbotLit
Triticum aestivum L.Allemagne„Hünenburg“ Watenstedt52.0878177090148610.836866328585572.Protohistoire2.3.Bronze moyen -1600-1350Wiethold, J., 2003. Emmer, Hirse und Seebinse: Verkohlte Pflanzenreste von der Hünenburg, in: Biegel, G. (Ed.), Die Hünenburg bei Watenstedt. Ausgrabungsergebnisse 1998-2001, Informationen und Berichte aus dem Braunschweigischen Landesmuseum 3-4, 32-34.ArchbotLit
Triticum dicoccum Schübl.Triticum dicoccon SchrankAllemagne„Hünenburg“ Watenstedt52.0878177090148610.836866328585572.Protohistoire2.3.Bronze moyen -1600-1350Wiethold, J., 2003. Emmer, Hirse und Seebinse: Verkohlte Pflanzenreste von der Hünenburg, in: Biegel, G. (Ed.), Die Hünenburg bei Watenstedt. Ausgrabungsergebnisse 1998-2001, Informationen und Berichte aus dem Braunschweigischen Landesmuseum 3-4, 32-34.ArchbotLit
Hordeum vulgare var. nudumNépalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.787629696399341000-400 BC-1000-400KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Hordeum vulgare var. nudumNépalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.78762969639934400 bc- 100 ad-400100KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Hordeum vulgare vulgareNépalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.78762969639934400 bc- 100 ad-400100KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Triticum aestivum L.Népalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.78762969639934400 bc- 100 ad-400100KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Hordeum vulgare var. nudumNépalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.78762969639934800 -1200 ad8001200KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Hordeum vulgare vulgareNépalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.78762969639934800 -1200 ad8001200KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Triticum aestivum L.Népalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.78762969639934800 -1200 ad8001200KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Hordeum vulgare var. nudumNépalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.787629696399341200-1600 ad12001600KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Hordeum vulgare vulgareNépalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.787629696399341200-1600 ad12001600KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Triticum aestivum L.Népalvallée du Kali Gandaki3 sites : Chokhopani, Mebrak, Phudzeling 28.83041592933716483.787629696399341200-1600 ad12001600KNÖRZER K.-H., 2000, « 3000 years of agriculture in a valley of the High Himalayas », Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 9, 4, p. 219 222.
Triticum aestivum L.BelgiqueCountry7 sites50.7090842803491464.3950980571375541.Néolithique1.1.Néolithique ancienHesbayan - Rubané-5800-4800Heim, J., Jadin, I., 1998. Sur les traces de l’orge et du pavot. L’agriculture danubienne de Hesbaye sous influence, entre Rhin et Bassin parisienne?, Anthropologie et Préhistoire 109, 187-205.ArchbotLit
Triticum dicoccum Schübl.Triticum dicoccon Schrank(1789)BelgiqueCountry7 sites50.7090842803491464.3950980571375541.Néolithique1.1.Néolithique ancienHesbayan - Rubané-5800-4800Heim, J., Jadin, I., 1998. Sur les traces de l’orge et du pavot. L’agriculture danubienne de Hesbaye sous influence, entre Rhin et Bassin parisienne?, Anthropologie et Préhistoire 109, 187-205.ArchbotLit
Triticum monococcum L.BelgiqueCountry7 sites50.7090842803491464.3950980571375541.Néolithique1.1.Néolithique ancienHesbayan - Rubané-5800-4800Heim, J., Jadin, I., 1998. Sur les traces de l’orge et du pavot. L’agriculture danubienne de Hesbaye sous influence, entre Rhin et Bassin parisienne?, Anthropologie et Préhistoire 109, 187-205.ArchbotLit
Triticum dicoccum Schübl.TchéquieBohême8. Května50.5163034317075514.0569597705804792.Protohistoire2.1.Age du Bronze2300/2200 - 800/750 BC-2300-750ČULÍKOVÁ V.,2008, « Rostlinné makrozbytky z pravěkých a raně středověkých antropogenních sedimentů v Lovosicích », Archeologické rozhledy, 60, 1, p. 61-74.CZAD
Triticum sp.TchéquieBohême8. Května50.5163034317075514.0569597705804792.Protohistoire2.1.Age du Bronze2300/2200 - 800/750 BC-2300-750ČULÍKOVÁ V.,2008, « Rostlinné makrozbytky z pravěkých a raně středověkých antropogenních sedimentů v Lovosicích », Archeologické rozhledy, 60, 1, p. 61-74.CZAD
Hordeum spTchéquieBohême8. Května50.5163034317075514.0569597705804792.Protohistoire2.1.Age du Bronze2300/2200 - 800/750 BC-2300-750ČULÍKOVÁ V.,2008, « Rostlinné makrozbytky z pravěkých a raně středověkých antropogenních sedimentů v Lovosicích », Archeologické rozhledy, 60, 1, p. 61-74.CZAD